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It is hoped that they would be able to remember as people do, and then improve upon it. These languages are the objects of considerable research. They are designed to give people a more natural connection with computers. Called natural languages, 5GLs translate human instructions, including spelling mistakes and bad grammar, into machine code. Some examples are SQL, ACCESS, Informix and FOCUS.ДЇifth generation languages (5GLs).

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Programmers and end-users use 4GLs to develop software applications.

#CODE LANGUAGE CONVERTER HOW TO#

In these languages one tells the computer what to do, not how to do it. 4GLs are sometimes called problem-oriented languages or non-procedural languages, and require less training than 3GLs. Its main use is in web pages where JAVA is used to write applets (short applications) to enhance the look and feel of a web page.ДЇourth generation languages (4GLs). Developed by Sun Microsystems, this language allows programmers to write applications that can be used on any operating system (platform-independent). One of the latest languages to hit the market is called JAVA. Some examples of 3GLs are BASIC, COBOL, Pascal, Fortran, C, C++, Perl and Ada. However, specific training is still required to program in these languages. They are easier to understand because they resemble our own English language more than 1GLs and 2GLs. 3GLs are called procedural languages or high level languages. The above example in assembly language would be LDA #$01, where LDA stands for LoaD the following value into a memory Address.

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Each machine code instruction is given a mnemonic, making it easier to remember specific codes. For example, a machine code instruction to load a value of 1 may be 10101001 00000001. In the early days of computing, programmers needed to learn the specific pattern of 1's and 0's of all computing instructions in order to tell the computer what to do. 1GLs constitute the actual code that computers understand that is machine code. Consequently there are several generations of computer programming languages.ДЇirst generation languages (1GLs). Over the years, these programming languages are moving closer and closer to human language. Hence programmers developed other less difficult languages in which to write programs. Although machine code makes complete sense for computers, it is a very difficult and tedious language in which to write programs. Machine code is hardware-specific, and hence there are as many machine codes as there are hardware designs. It was mentioned earlier in this chapter that CPUs could only understand machine code or machine language (expressed in binary code). Hence, a language translator is a program that translates from one computer language to another. The computer system then reads these machine code instructions and executes them. These instructions are converted by the language translator into machine code. Language translators allow computer programmers to write sets of instructions in specific programming languages. These software applications allow users to write and develop custom software. Stuart Ferguson, Rodney Hebels, in Computers for Librarians (Third Edition), 2003 Language translatorsДЄ subset of the commercially available software that deserves special attention is language translators.

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